黄土高原刺槐林对土壤养分时空分布的影响

以不同树龄刺槐纯林林地和撂荒地作对比,研究了黄土高原刺槐人工林对土壤养分时空分布特征的影响。结果表明,刺槐林地土壤有机质、pH值、全氮、有效氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙和交换性盐基总量随刺槐树龄增加无明确变化规律,土壤全磷和交换性镁含量则呈现波动性变化;刺槐林地土壤有机质、全氮、有效氮含量随土壤深度增加按幂函数衰减,有效磷含量有递减趋势,土壤全磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁和交换性盐基总量随土壤深度增加无明显变化规律,而土壤pH随深度呈波动性变化;与撂荒地相比,刺槐林地土壤有机质、全氮、有效氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性钙、交换性镁含量及交换性盐基总量分别增加21.6%~96.8%,34.3%~160.1%,191.5%~238.4%,2.1%~24.1%,19.82%~92.71%,64.2%~80.0%,25.0%~46.5%和67.2%~89.5%,表明刺槐林对改善土壤养分状况具有重要作用。     

矿物调理剂对酸性土壤酸度降低和菠菜镉累积的影响

为改良酸性土壤、降低重金属活性和提高酸性土壤生产力,采用盆栽试验,探究硅钙钾镁肥(T1)、矿物调理剂A(T2)和矿物调理剂B(T3)降低土壤酸度的效果和对菠菜Cd累积的影响。结果表明:施用10 g/kg的矿物调理剂均能显著提高土壤pH,降低土壤交换性Al³⁺,使土壤酸度降低,矿物调理剂B的效果最优(T3)。施用矿物调理剂显著促进了菠菜的生长,T1、T2和T3处理使植株鲜重分别增加13.8、15.9和15.9倍。T2和T3处理使土壤DTPA-Cd含量分别降低41.6%和41.0%,菠菜植株Cd浓度分别降低48.9%和50.9%。此外,T2和T3处理也抑制了菠菜对Cd的累积,菠菜生物富集系数分别降低49.1%和50.9%。综上,以硅酸盐矿物、牡蛎壳粉和白云石为主要原材料制备的矿物调理剂在改良酸性土壤和降低镉的生物有效性方面具有更大的潜力。     

High potassium to magnesium ratio affected the growth and magnesium uptake of three tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivars

Potassium(K) and magnesium(Mg) levels and their balances are two factors affecting the growth of plant. However, the responses of different crop cultivars to K/Mg ratios are less clear. This study was aimed at assessing the different responses of tomato(Solanum Lycopersicum L.) cultivars to the different K/Mg supply ratios. Three tomato cultivars(Zhongza 9(ZZ), Gailiangmaofen(MF), and Jinpengchaoguan(JP)) were grown in pots with three different K~+/Mg~(2+) ratios(4:0, 4:1 and 8:1, represented by K/Mg_(4:0), K/Mg_(4:1), and K/Mg_(8:1), respectively). Compared with K/Mg_(4:1) treatment, the leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and total biomass of tomato seedlings under K/Mg_(4:0) treatments were decreased by 69.7, 89.1, and 53.1%, respectively. The Mg deficiency symptoms were observed when the Mg content in shoot became lower than 4 mg g~(–1) DW. Compared with K/Mg_(4:1) treatment, total biomass of tomato seedlings of K/Mg_(8:1) treatment was decreased by 21.6%; the shoot and root Mg contents were decreased by 10.4 and 21.8%, respectively; and Mg uptake of tomato was reduced by 34.1%. There were significant differences in biomass and Mg uptake for the three cultivars between the different K~+/Mg~(2+) treatments. The Mg uptake of the three different cultivars ranked as ZZJPMF under Mg deficiency and high K condition. In conclusion, the growth and Mg uptake and allocation of tomato were influenced significantly by imbalance K and Mg supply. JP and ZZ were the cultivars with the highest efficiency in Mg uptake.     

南方早熟砂梨缺镁黄叶症诊断与矫治

通过对福建省德化县早熟砂梨“黄叶病株”及“正常植株”叶片及土壤的营养诊断分析：黄叶病株叶片平均含镁量0.131%，极显著低于正常植株0.328%；黄叶症较重的果园土壤交换态镁含量低12.6～24.5㎎/㎏及土壤酸性强pH3.6～4.5，诊断结论砂梨叶片黄化现象为镁素缺乏所致。矫治试验效果，叶面喷施1%硝酸镁3次，可以叶色转绿；12月份土壤基施钙镁磷肥株1.3 kg，翌年5月份后有明显矫治效果。     

沉积物中生物活性磷赋存形态对耗氧有机物的响应

[目的] 本研究为验证耗氧有机物影响沉积物中生物活性磷的赋存形态的假说。[方法]以葡萄糖代替耗氧有机物，将沉积物暴露于耗氧有机物30天。[结果表明] 不充气时，葡萄糖浓度0、2、4、8 mg/L下的表层沉积物Ex-P含量为0.02±0.01、0.02±0.01、0.03±0.01、0.02±0.01 μmol/g；充气时，相应葡萄糖浓度下的表层沉积物Ex-P含量为0.03±0.00、0.03±0.01、0.03±0.01和0.06±0.02μmol/g，葡萄糖浓度8mg/L下的Ex-P含量高于葡萄糖浓度0mg/L下的（P< 5%）。不充气时，葡萄糖浓度0、2、4和8mg/L 下的表层沉积物IP含量为0.96±0.42、0.74±0.29、0.97±0.78和0.88±0.22μmol/g；充气时，相应葡萄糖浓度下的表层沉积物IP含量为0.37±0.10、0.46±0.16、0.41±0.06和0.69±0.05μmol/g，葡萄糖浓度8mg/L下的IP含量高于葡萄糖浓度0mg/L下的（P< 5%）。[结论]耗氧有机物对沉积物中生物活性磷有双重阈值作用。     

磷肥用量对冬作马铃薯镁素积累与分配特征的影响

以费乌瑞它脱毒种薯为材料,通过大田试验研究4个磷肥水平,即0(P0)、45.0(P1)、90.0(P2)、135.0(P3)kg/hm~2对冬作马铃薯镁积累与分配特征的影响。结果表明:各处理马铃薯整株镁积累量呈先升高后降低变化趋势,齐苗后17~45 d为快速积累期,在齐苗后59 d出现峰值,齐苗后73 d,各处理全株镁积累量表现为:P1P2P3P0;块茎镁积累量呈持续升高趋势,齐苗后73 d,各处理块茎镁积累量表现为:P1P2P3P0,但各处理间并未产生显著差异;各处理镁在叶片中的分配比例均呈逐渐降低趋势;镁在茎中的分配比例整体呈逐渐降低趋势,变幅不大,而在块茎中的分配比例呈持续上升趋势;整个生育期间,镁在各生育阶段各器官的分配比例呈现:叶茎(齐苗后3 d);叶茎块茎(齐苗后17 d);叶块茎茎(齐苗后31~45 d);块茎叶茎(齐苗后59~73 d)的动态变化过程,镁在块茎中的分配率以P1处理最大,为60.38%。供试条件下,磷肥施用量在P1水平下可提高马铃薯镁积累量,P2、P3水平的用量则会降低镁的积累;平均每生产1 000 kg块茎,植株需从土壤中吸收镁0.253 kg.     

Phylogenetic and expression analysis of the magnesium transporter family in pear,and functional verification of PbrMGT7 in pear pollen

The magnesium ion (Mg²⁺) is the most abundant divalent cation in living cells, and it plays essential roles in various cellular functions. Mg²⁺ homeostasis in plant cells is crucial for plant growth. The MRS2/MGT family of proteins localise to various membranes, and they function during Mg²⁺ transport in plants, but their functions are largely unknown in fruit trees. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis to identify the MGT gene family members in the pear Pyrus bretschneideri. Sixteen MGT genes were identified. Analysis of the activity of pear pollen showed that a low-concentration magnesium ion treatment was beneficial for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. None of the 16 MGT genes were expressed in any unique tissue, including pollen, and their expression in magnesium-treated pollen varied greatly, where PbrMGT7 was the most sensitive and it was tested as a representative. PbrMGT7 could functionally complement a bacterial strain deficient in Mg²⁺, thereby indicating a role in magnesium transport. A co-localisation experiment confirmed that PbrMGT7 was localised in the mitochondria, which suggests that PbrMGT7 could mediate Mg-trafficking between the mitochondria and cytosol. Overall, these results suggest that PbrMGT7 is related to Mg²⁺ homeostasis during pear pollen tube growth.??     

添加氧化镁和铵明矾对菜田高磷土壤活性磷的影响

为研究不同种类钝化剂对土壤磷素的固定效果,通过室内培养试验,向土壤中添加氧化镁、铵明矾及二者不同比例的混合物,研究其对土壤0.01 mol·L~(-1)CaCl_2浸提磷、0.5 mol·L~(-1)NaHCO_3浸提磷含量及磷素组分的影响。结果表明:与未钝化的对照处理相比,向土壤分别添加0.5%和2.0%(m/m)的氧化镁、铵明矾或其混合物培养45 d后,均显著降低了土壤CaCl_2浸提磷含量。添加氧化镁或铵明矾分别降低了87.8%(0.5%)、98.0%(2.0%)和44.4%(0.5%)、88.8%(2.0%)的CaCl_2浸提磷含量,而二者混合物的钝化效果明显弱于氧化镁。添加2.0%的氧化镁、铵明矾或其混合物对土壤NaHCO_3浸提磷含量降低明显,但氧化镁和铵明矾的混合物降低土壤NaHCO_3浸提磷的效果弱于铵明矾。对培养45 d后的土壤进行Hedley分组测定磷素组分发现,添加氧化镁或铵明矾显著降低了土壤H_2O浸提总磷和NaHCO_3浸提总磷含量,添加铵明矾显著增加了土壤中Na OH浸提总磷的含量。氧化镁、铵明矾和土壤活性磷不同的作用机理是导致氧化镁固定CaCl_2-P效果显著而铵明矾固定Olsen-P效果显著的主要原因。     

镁素处理对艾纳香药材生物量和营养元素积累的影响

以一年生艾纳香种子苗为实验材料,用七水合硫酸镁提供镁素,测定生长期艾纳香生长指标和生物量,采用 凯氏定氮仪测定艾纳香药材氮含量,采用钼锑抗比色法测定磷含量,以及采用原子吸收光谱法测定艾纳香药材钾、钙、 镁、铁、锰、铜和锌含量,以研究镁素对艾纳香药材生物量和营养元素积累的影响。结果表明：镁素显著增加了艾纳 香叶长、叶宽、株高和地径等生长指标,显著增加了艾纳香药材叶片、茎和叶茎总生物量,对叶茎生物量比影响不显 著;镁素对艾纳香叶片中氮含量影响不显著,钙和铁含量显著降低,1.5 mg/mL 镁素处理组磷、钾和镁含量显著高于其 他处理组,15 mg/mL 镁素处理组锰、锌和铜含量最低,显著低于其他处理组。在艾纳香生长期施加镁素可以促进艾纳 香生长,提高药材生物量,显著促进磷、钾和镁积累,抑制钙和铁的吸收,对氮影响不显著,15 mg/mL 镁素处理组锰、 锌和铜含量最低。